Early Release

Synopses

• Maternal and Fetal Implications of Oropouche Fever, Espírito Santo State, Brazil, 2024
  J. Cola et al. View Abstract

  Reemergence of Oropouche fever in Brazil raises concerns about potential risks for infection in pregnancy. We describe a case series of Oropouche fever in pregnant women and their neonates in Espírito Santo State, Brazil, in 2024. Of 73 pregnancies, 15 pregnancies concluded by the end of the study period; of those, 14 resulted in live births and 1 in spontaneous abortion. Placental reverse transcription PCR tests were positive for Oropouche virus RNA in 5 infections in the third trimester. Two infections occurred in the first trimester, resulting in 1 spontaneous abortion and 1 live birth with corpus callosum dysgenesis. Of 13 infections that occurred in the third trimester, 1 showed possible intrapartum transmission with clinical manifestations in the neonate, whereas the others were asymptomatic. We found no anomalies in third-trimester infections. These findings suggest possible vertical transmission of Oropouche virus and a potential link with spontaneous abortion or malformation.

• Erythema Migrans Skin Lesions Less Frequent in Lyme Reinfections, Europe
  F. Strle et al.
• Alistipes Bacteremia in Older Patients with Digestive and Cancer Comorbidities, Japan, 2016–2023
  N. Watanabe et al. View Abstract

  The clinical characteristics of Alistipes bacteremia remain insufficiently understood. We retrospectively analyzed 13 cases of Alistipes bacteremia at a tertiary care center in Japan. Ten patients were >65 years of age; 7 were female and 3 male. Of 9 patients with comorbidities, 7 had solid tumors or hematological malignancies and 11 had gastrointestinal symptoms. Isolates identified were Alistipes finegoldii in 4 cases, A. onderdonkii in 4, A. putredinis in 3, A. indistinctus in 2, and A. ihumii in 1. Ten strains exhibited low MICs against β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors and metronidazole. We observed high MICs against penicillin, ceftriaxone, and minocycline. Several strains harbored antimicrobial resistance genes, including adeF, tet(Q), cfxA3, cfxA4, and ermG. Twelve patients received β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors; 2 patients with solid tumors experienced septic shock and died. Alistipes bacteria can translocate from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream, particularly in cases of inflammation, obstruction, or perforation, leading to severe infections.

Research

• Foodborne Illness Acquired in the United States—Major Pathogens, 2019
  E. Scallan Walter et al.
• A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study of Healthcare Costs Attributable to COVID-19 in Ontario, Canada
  B. Sander et al.
• Detection and Decontamination of Chronic Wasting Disease Prions during Venison Processing
  M. Milstein et al.
• Epidemiology of Tularemia among Humans and Animals, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany, 2012–2022
  S. Nothdurfter et al.
• Neutralizing Antibodies against California Serogroup Orthobunyaviruses in Human Serum Samples, Montana, USA
  T. A. Woods et al.
• Prevalence of Herpes B Virus in Wild Long-Tailed Macaques, Thailand, 2018–2024
  K. Sapkanarak et al. View Abstract

  Herpes B virus (B virus) is an enigmatic zoonotic virus that has caused severe neurologic symptoms in humans exposed to captive macaques used for experimentation. We examined 864 wild long-tailed macaques from 22 locations across Thailand for B virus infection. All 22 macaque populations tested positive for B virus antibodies; seropositivity ranged from 25% to 100%. B virus shedding was detected in 9 (1.04%) oral swab samples by using quantitative PCR of the virus UL29 gene. We phylogenetically analyzed partial genome sequences of B virus (US5-US6 genes) from 6 of the PCR-positive samples. All 6 sequences were clustered in clade II, which includes B virus strains from rhesus, Japanese, and long-tailed macaques, suggesting co-evolution of B virus with macaques. Continued surveillance and sequencing of B virus in macaque populations will be needed to prevent B virus transmission to humans and to develop appropriate vaccines to prevent human B virus infections.

• Predictive Model for Estimating Annual Ebolavirus Spillover Potential
  C. T. Telford et al.
• Oz Virus Infection in 6 Animal Species, Including Macaques, Bears, and Companion Animals, Japan
  A. Matsuu et al. View Abstract

  Oz virus (OZV) was isolated from an Amblyomma tick in Japan and shown to cause lethal viral myocarditis in humans. However, the natural reservoirs and the distribution of OZV remain unknown. We describe epidemiologic studies conducted by using serum samples collected from mammals throughout Japan. The results showed that 27.5% of wild boars, 56.1% of Sika deer, 19.6% of Japanese macaques, and 51.0% of Asian black bears were positive for virus-neutralizing antibodies against OZV. Approximately 2.9% of dogs and 0.9% of cats also were seropositive. OZV RNA was not detected in any of the examined animal serum samples. Most seropositive animals were distributed in central and western Japan. OZV infects a wide range of animal species, including companion animals and nonhuman primates, and is distributed through central and western Japan, suggesting that further countermeasures are required to prevent this tickborne zoonotic infection.

• Carbapenem-Resistant, Virulence Plasmid–Harboring Klebsiella pneumoniae, United States
  J. Jiang et al.
• Antiviral Susceptibility of Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.2.1c and 2.3.4.4b Viruses from Humans, 2023–2024
  P. Q. Pascua et al. View Abstract

  During 2023–2024, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses from clade 2.3.2.1c caused human infections in Cambodia and from clade 2.3.4.4b caused human infections in the Americas. We assessed the susceptibility of those viruses to approved and investigational antiviral drugs. Except for 2 viruses isolated from Cambodia, all viruses were susceptible to M2 ion channel-blockers in cell culture-based assays. In the neuraminidase inhibition assay, all viruses displayed susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitor antiviral drugs oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, laninamivir, and AV5080. Oseltamivir was ≈4-fold less potent at inhibiting the neuraminidase activity of clade 2.3.4.4b than clade 2.3.2.1c viruses. All viruses were susceptible to polymerase inhibitors baloxavir and tivoxavir and to polymerase basic 2 inhibitor pimodivir with 50% effective concentrations in low nanomolar ranges. Because drug-resistant viruses can emerge spontaneously or by reassortment, close monitoring of antiviral susceptibility of H5N1 viruses collected from animals and humans by using sequence-based analysis supplemented with phenotypic testing is essential.

• Case–Control Study of Factors Associated with Development of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome among Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli Patients, Ireland, 2017–2020
  D. Espadinha et al.
• Attribution of Salmonella enterica to Food Sources by Using Whole-Genome Sequencing Data
  E. Rose et al.

Dispatches

• Alpha-Gal Syndrome after Ixodes scapularis Tick Bite, Maine, USA, 2014–2023
  E. F. Saunders et al.
• Onset of Alpha-Gal Syndrome after Tick Bite, Washington, USA
  W. K. Butler et al.
• Reemergence of Brucella abortus, Israel, 2021
  S. Bardenstein et al.
• Bartonella Quintana Endocarditis and Pauci-Immune Glomerulonephritis in A Patient
  W. Yu et al.
• Dynamics of Bagaza, West Nile, and Usutu Viruses Revealed by Surveillance in Red-Legged Partridges, Portugal, 2018–2022
  C. Fontoura-Gonçalves et al.
• Exposure of Wild Mammals Inhabiting Alaska to Influenza A(H5N1) Virus
  A. M. Ramey et al.
• Yaws Circulating in Nonhuman Primates, Uganda and Rwanda
  T. L. Goldberg et al.
• Brucella suis Infection in Cardiac Implantable Device of Man Exposed to Feral Swine Meat, Florida, USA
  J. A. Rodriguez et al.
• Detection of Batborne Hantaviruses, Laos, 2023–2024
  C. Vanhnollat et al.
• Environmental Stability of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 in Irradiated Raw Milk and Wastewater and on Surfaces
  F. Kaiser et al.

Research Letters

• Nipah Virus Detection in Pteropus hypomelanus Bats in Central Java, Indonesia
  D. W. Putro et al.
• Rabbit Hepatitis E Virus, Ukraine, 2024
  S. Santos-Silva et al.
• HAdV-B55 Infection in Patient without Recent Travel History, France
  M. Mohamedi et al.
• Local Circulation of Sindbis Virus in Wild Birds and Horses, the Netherlands, 2021–2022
  K. Streng et al.
• Increased Recognition of Human Anaplasmosis, Ontario, Canada, 2021
  C. Dai et al.
• Emerging Trends in Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome, Japan
  M. Ujiie View Abstract

  Japan experienced substantial increases in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and group A Streptococcus pharyngitis after relaxing COVID-19 restrictions in May 2023. Increased detection of the M1_UK lineage of Streptococcus pyogenes, especially in the vicinity of Tokyo, emphasizes the need to raise awareness of disease characteristics and epidemiologic trends.

• Spread of Dual-Resistant Mycoplasma genitalium Clone among Men, France, 2021–2022
  S. Pereyre et al.
• Co-circulation of Two Oropouche Virus Lineages during Most Recent Outbreak, Amazon Region of Peru, 2023–2024
  C. D. Cruz et al.
• Coxiella burnetii Infections Identified by Molecular Methods, United States, 2006–2023
  C. K. Maki et al.
• Genomic Characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica Isolates, Costa Rica
  C. Savin et al.
• Yellow Fever Virus in Mosquitoes from Rainforest Bordering Manaus, Brazil, 2022
  V. Bernardi et al.
• Neutralizing Antibody Response to Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Dairy Farm Workers, Michigan, USA
  M. Z. Levine et al. View Abstract

  Since March 2024, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses have caused outbreaks in dairy cattle and poultry in the United States, and they continue to spill over into humans. However, data on human immune response to those viruses is limited. We report neutralizing antibody responses in 2 dairy farm worker H5N1 cases.

Synopses

• Establishing Methods to Monitor H5N1 Influenza Virus in Dairy Cattle Milk, Massachusetts
  E. Stachler et al.
• Advantages of Software Containerization in Public Health Infectious Disease Genomic Surveillance
  K. R. Florek et al.

Research

• Real-Time Utilization of Mpox Genomic Surveillance, King County, Washington, USA, 2022–2024
  K. M. Lau et al.
• Integrating Genomic Data into Public Health Surveillance for Multidrug-Resistant Organisms, Washington, United States
  L. Torres et al.
• Using Genomic Epidemiology to Estimate Pathogen Burden in a Population
  W. Porter et al.

Supplement

• SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance from Community-Distributed Rapid Antigen Tests, Wisconsin, USA
  I. E. Emmen et al.
• Strategies and Opportunities to Improve Community Health through Advanced Molecular Detection and Genomic Surveillance of Infectious Diseases
  J. Moore et al.

Research

• Nationwide Observational Case-Control Study of Risk Factors for Aerococcus Bloodstream Infections, Sweden
  J. Walles et al.

Dispatches

• Self-Reported SARS-CoV-2 Infections among National Blood Donor Cohort, United States, 2020–2022
  B. R. Spencer et al.
• Recent and Forecasted Increases in Coccidioidomycosis Incidence Linked to Hydroclimatic Swings, California
  S. K. Camponuri et al.

Research Letters

• Emergence of Feline Sporotrichosis near Brazil Border, Argentina, 2023–2024
  K. Vizcaychipi et al.
• Clinical and Epidemiologic Characteristics of Mpox Cases, Dominican Republic, July 2022–February 2023
  R. Paulino-Ramirez et al.