Volume 12, Number 11—November 2006
Dispatch
Avian Influenza H5N1 Screening of Intensive Care Unit Patients with Community-acquired Pneumonia
, Pilaipan Puthavathana†, Rungrueng Kitphati‡, Pranee Thavatsupha‡, Malinee Chittaganpitch‡, Prasert Auewarakul†, and Linda M. Mundy§
Table 1
Demographic and clinical data for 115 hospitalized adults with severe community-acquired pneumonia at a tertiary care center in an H5N1-endemic region of Thailand*
| Characteristics | Total (N = 115) | Influenza A H3N2 (n = 8) | Without concomitant influenza A H3N2 (n = 107) | p value† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (mean, range) | 64 (17–82) | 72 (55–82) | 64 (17–74) | 0.06 | |
| Sex, male | 48 (42) | 4 (50) | 44 (41) | NS | |
| Tobacco smoking | 21 (18) | 1 (12) | 20 (19) | NS | |
| No. of comorbid conditions (median, range) | 1 (0–4) | 3 (1–4) | 1 (0–3) | <0.001 | |
| Underlying diseasesठ| |||||
| Lung disease | 48 (42) | 4 (50) | 44 (41) | NS | |
| Diabetes | 25 (22) | 2 (25) | 23 (21) | NS | |
| Cardiovascular | 14 (12) | 1 (12) | 13 (12) | NS | |
| Cerebrovascular or other neurologic disease | 12 (10) | 1 (12) | 11 (10) | NS | |
| Other | 42 (37) | 3 (38) | 39 (36) | NS | |
| Initial clinical symptoms§ | |||||
| Pulmonary¶ | 108 (94) | 7 (87) | 101 (94) | NS | |
| Gastrointestinal# | 8 (7) | 4 (50) | 4 (4) | 0.001 | |
| Neurologic** | 9 (8) | 1 (12) | 8 (8) | NS | |
| Other | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | NS | |
| APACHE-II score, median (range) | 16 (9–22) | 17 (9–22) | 15 (9–22) | NS | |
| History of recent travel | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | |
| Met definition of probable H5N1 | 18 (16) | 2 (25) | 16 (15) | NS | |
| History of exposure to index case | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | |
| Outcome | |||||
| Death†† | 12 (10) | 7 (88) | 5 (5) | <0.001 | |
| LOS in MICU | 14 (1–46) | 15 (1–46) | 14 (2–42) | NS | |
| H5N1 seroconversion | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA
*Data are no. (%) of patients, unless otherwise indicated; NS, nonsignificant; NA, nonapplicable; APACHE-II score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Score II; LOS, length of stay; MICU, medical intensive care unit. | |
*Data are no. (%) of patients, unless otherwise indicated; NS, nonsignificant; NA, nonapplicable; APACHE-II score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Score II; LOS, length of stay; MICU, medical intensive care unit.
†Categorical variables were compared using χ2 or Fisher exact test, as appropriate; Continuous variables were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test or t test, as appropriate. All p values were 2-tailed; p<0.05 was considered significant.
‡Included those considered by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to be associated with an increased risk of complication from influenza infection.
§Most patients had multiple underlying diseases and initial clinical symptoms so the sums of all percentages are >100%.
¶Included cough, dyspnea or tachypnea, rigor and/or chills, pleuritic chest pain, purulent sputum, or changes in the characteristics of sputum, and auscultatory findings.
#Included diarrhea, and/or nausea or vomiting, abdominal tenderness.
**Included drowsiness, confusion, coma.
††All patients did not receive antiviral therapy.