Volume 16, Number 10—October 2010
Research
Risk Factors for Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus Seroconversion among Hospital Staff, Singapore
Mark I.C. Chen
, Vernon J.M. Lee, Ian Barr, Cui Lin, Rachelle Goh, Caroline Lee, Baldev Singh, Jessie Tan, Wei-Yen Lim, Alex R. Cook, Brenda Ang, Angela Chow, Boon Huan Tan, Jimmy Loh, Robert Shaw, Kee Seng Chia, Raymond T.P. Lin, and Yee Sin Leo
, Vernon J.M. Lee, Ian Barr, Cui Lin, Rachelle Goh, Caroline Lee, Baldev Singh, Jessie Tan, Wei-Yen Lim, Alex R. Cook, Brenda Ang, Angela Chow, Boon Huan Tan, Jimmy Loh, Robert Shaw, Kee Seng Chia, Raymond T.P. Lin, and Yee Sin Leo
Table 4
Comparison of risk factors among allied health staff, ward-based nurses, and non–ward-based nurses for exposures to pandemic (H1N1) 2009, mask use, and work-related contacts, Singapore, 2009*
| Risk factor | 1: Allied health staff, n = 116 | 2: Non–ward-based nurses, n = 103 | 3: Ward-based nurses, n = 187 | p values† |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 vs. 1 | 3 vs. 1 | 3 vs. 2 | ||||
| Seroconverted in study period, % | 2 (0–6) | 8 (4–15) | 11 (7–16) | 0.05 | <0.01 | 0.53 |
| Mean age, y | 32 (30–33) | 34 (32–36) | 32 (31–34) | 0.14 | 0.81 | 0.21 |
| Mean household size |
4.8 (4.4–5.1) |
4.8 (4.4–5.2) |
5.5 (5.1–5.8) |
0.96 |
<0.01 |
0.01 |
| Household members with FRI in the following age groups, % | ||||||
| 0– 4 y | 3 (1–7) | 3 (1–8) | 2 (1–5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.70 |
| 5–12 y | 2 (0–6) | 4 (2–10) | 1 (0–4) | 0.42 | 0.64 | 0.19 |
| 13–19 y |
1 (0–5) |
3 (1–8) |
2 (1–5) |
0.34 |
0.65 |
0.70 |
| Masks for patient care all or almost all the time, % | 64 (53–74) | 71 (59–80) | 69 (61–77) | 0.48 | 0.54 | 0.87 |
| Valid responses‡ |
76 |
69 |
130 |
|||
| Received seasonal influenza vaccine, % |
84 (77–90) |
91 (84–95) |
96 (92–98) |
0.15 |
<0.01 |
0.19 |
| Geometric mean no. colleagues in work area | 27 (24–31) | 48 (39–59) | 23 (20–25) | <0.01 | 0.05 | <0.01 |
| Valid responses‡ |
101 |
89 |
147 |
|||
| Geometric mean no. patient contacts per day | 15 (12–18) | 37 (26–52) | 19 (17–22) | <0.01 | 0.03 | <0.01 |
| Valid responses‡ |
73 |
59 |
127 |
|||
| Geometric mean no. visitor contacts per day | 12 (9–15) | 28 (21–38) | 15 (13–18) | <0.01 | 0.04 | <0.01 |
| Valid responses‡ |
75 |
58 |
133 |
|||
| Occupational-related exposures, % | ||||||
| Direct patient contact | 84 (77–90) | 91 (84–95) | 99 (97–100) | 0.15 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Contact with patients who had pandemic (H1N1) 2009 | 14 (9–21) | 19 (13–28) | 41 (34–48) | 0.28 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Contact with colleague(s) who had pandemic (H1N1) 2009 | 2 (0–6) | 15 (9–23) | 14 (10–20) | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.86 |
*Values in parentheses are 95% confidence intervals. FRI, febrile respiratory illness.
†p values by Fisher exact test for proportions and unpaired Student t test for means.
‡Based on participants who answered this questionnaire item; all other analyses are based on no. participants in that occupational subgroup.
Page created: September 07, 2011
Page updated: September 07, 2011
Page reviewed: September 07, 2011
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.