Volume 20, Number 4—April 2014
Research
Active Surveillance for Avian Influenza Virus, Egypt, 2010–2012
Ghazi Kayali
, Ahmed Kandeil, Rabeh El-Shesheny, Ahmed S. Kayed, Mokhtar M. Gomaa, Asmaa M. Maatouq, Mahmoud M. Shehata, Yassmin Moatasim, Ola Bagato, Zhipeng Cai, Adam Rubrum, Mohamed A. Kutkat, Pamela P. McKenzie, Robert G. Webster, Richard J. Webby, and Mohamed A. Ali
, Ahmed Kandeil, Rabeh El-Shesheny, Ahmed S. Kayed, Mokhtar M. Gomaa, Asmaa M. Maatouq, Mahmoud M. Shehata, Yassmin Moatasim, Ola Bagato, Zhipeng Cai, Adam Rubrum, Mohamed A. Kutkat, Pamela P. McKenzie, Robert G. Webster, Richard J. Webby, and Mohamed A. Ali
Table 2
Epizootiologic data for avian influenza virus isolated from poultry in 7 governorates in Egypt, 2010–2012
| Variable | Samples collected, no. (%) | Influenza A–positive samples, no. (%) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sample type | Not significant | ||
| Cloacal | 6,904 (60.3) | 686 (9.9) | |
| Oropharyngeal |
4,548 (39.7) |
458 (10.1) |
|
| Governorate | <0.001 | ||
| Cairo | 2,690 (23.4) | 173 (6.4) | |
| Daqahliya | 1,440 (12.6) | 259 (18) | |
| Qalubiya | 1,478 (12.9) | 141 (9.5) | |
| Menofiya | 935 (8.2) | 28 (3) | |
| Sharqiya | 2,365 (20.7) | 236 (10) | |
| Fayyoum | 2,006 (17.5) | 262 (13.1) | |
| BeniSuef |
538 (4.7) |
45 (8.4) |
|
| Species | 0.023 | ||
| Chickens | 9,639 (84.2) | 938 (9.7) | |
| Ducks | 1,179 (10.3) | 145 (12.3) | |
| Geese | 139 (1.2) | 12 (8.6) | |
| Pigeons | 410 (3.6) | 36 (8.8) | |
| Turkeys | 85 (0.7) | 13 (15.3) | |
| Production sector | <0.001 | ||
| Abattoir | 992 (8.7) | 51 (5.1) | |
| Commercial farm | 6,398 (55.8) | 745 (11.6) | |
| Backyard flock | 1,261 (11) | 159 (12.6) | |
| Live-bird market |
2,801 (24.5) |
189 (6.7) |
|
| Bird health status | <0.001 | ||
| Healthy | 10,117 (88.4) | 841 (8.3) | |
| Sick | 1,217 (10.6) | 35 (20.8) | |
| Dead |
118 (1) |
50 (42.4) |
|
| Bird age, y | <0.001 | ||
| 0–1 | 11,328 (98.9) | 1120 (9.9) | |
| >1 | 124 (1.1) | 24 (19.4) |
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