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Volume 21, Number 7—July 2015
Research

Assessment of Arbovirus Surveillance 13 Years after Introduction of West Nile Virus, United States1

James L. HadlerComments to Author , Dhara Patel, Roger S. Nasci, Lyle R. Petersen, James M. Hughes, Kristy Bradley, Paul Etkind, Lilly Kan, and Jeffrey Engel
Author affiliations: Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA (J.L. Hadler); Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (D. Patel, J. Engel); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (R.S. Nasci, L.R. Petersen); Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta (J.M. Hughes); Oklahoma State Department of Health, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA (K. Bradley); National Association of County and City Health Officials, Washington, DC, USA (P. Etkind, L. Kan)

Main Article

Table 2

States with laboratory capacity to support WNV and other arboviral surveillance activities, United States, 2004 and 2012*

Laboratory capacity
 No. responding states (% with activity)
 % Difference from 2004 to 2012
2012
 2004
Overall
Have some in-state capacity for WNV testing
 50 (92)
 –
 NA
Human surveillance
Test for IgG 46 (48) 47 (72) −24
Test for IgM 46 (93) 47 (100) −7
Test by culture 46 (2) 47 (19) −17
Test by PCR 46 (13) 47 (49) −36
Test by PRNT 46 (22) 47 (21) +1
Test all CSF specimens submitted for WNV for ≥1 other arbovirus
 43 (60)
 –
 NA
Avian surveillance
Test by culture 46 (4) 47 (13) −9
Test by PCR 46 (39) 47 (77) −38
Test IgG or IgM 46 (11) 47 (9) +2
Test by any of above methods
 46 (43)
 47 (77)
 −34
Mosquito surveillance
In-state capacity to test mosquitoes (state or local level) 50 (84) – NA
Testing for >1 other arbovirus 42 (81) – NA
Culture or PCR 42 (81) 47 (81) 0
Vec Test or RAMP 42 (19) 47 (21) −2

*WNV, West Nile virus; –, not asked; NA, not applicable; PRNT, plaque reduction neutralization test; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; Vec Test, vector test; RAMP, rapid analyte measurement platform.

Main Article

1A shorter version of this report has been published previously (1).

Page created: June 12, 2015
Page updated: June 12, 2015
Page reviewed: June 12, 2015
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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