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Volume 21, Number 7—July 2015
Research

Seroprevalence for Hepatitis E and Other Viral Hepatitides among Diverse Populations, Malawi

Taha E. TahaComments to Author , Laura K. Rusie, Alain Labrique, Mulinda Nyirenda, Dean Soko, Melvin Kamanga, Johnstone Kumwenda, Homayoon Farazadegan, Kenrad Nelson, and Newton Kumwenda
Author affiliations: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (T.E. Taha, L.K. Rusie, A. Labrique, H. Farazadegan, K. Nelson, N. Kumwenda); Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi (M. Nyirenda); Johns Hopkins Research Project, Blantyre (D. Soko, M. Kamanga); University of Malawi, Blantyre (J. Kumwenda)

Main Article

Table 2

Prevalence of anti-HEV IgG, total anti-HAV Ig, HBsAg, and total anti-HCV Ig in Malawi*

Characteristic HEV
 HAV
 HBsAg
 HCV
No. positive/no. tested % Positive (95% CI) No. positive/no. tested % Positive (95% CI) No. positive/no. tested % Positive (95% CI) No. positive/no. tested % Positive (95% CI)
Total cohort
 132/800
 16.5
(13.9–19.1)
777/780
 99.6
(99.2–100.0)
58/773
 7.5
(5.6–9.4)
55/779
 7.1
(5.3–8.9)
HIV status
Negative 80/397 20.2
(16.2–24.1) 390/391 99.7
(99.2–100.0) 32/388 8.2
(5.5–11.0) 29/394 7.4
(4.8–10.0)
Positive
 52/403
 12.9
(9.6–16.2)
387/389
 99.5
(98.8–100.0)
26/385
 6.8
(4.2–9.3)
26/385
 6.8
(4.2–9.3)
Sex
M 45/246 18.3
(13.4–23.2) 244/245 99.6
(98.8–100.0) 25/245 10.2
(6.4–14.0) 25/245 10.2
(6.4–14.0)
F
 87/554
 15.7
(12.7–18.7)
533/535
 99.6
(99.1–100.0)
33/528
 6.3
(4.2–8.3)
30/534
 5.6
(3.7–7.6)
Study, period
ICAR, 
1989–1995 6/70 8.6
(1.8–15.3) 70/70 100.0 0/70 0.0 2/70 2.9
(−1.1–6.9)
SUCOMA, 
1994–1999 37/178 20.8
(14.8–26.8) 176/177 99.4
(98.3–100.0) 21/178 11.8
(7.0–16.6) 19/178 10.7
(6.1–15.3)
NVAZ, 
2000–2003 19/165 11.5
(6.6–16.4) 157/157 100.0 6/156 3.9
(0.8–6.9) 8/148 5.4
(1.7–9.1)
MWANZA, 
2001 13/100 13.0
(6.3–19.7) 99/99 100.0 7/98 7.1
(2.0–12.3) 9/99 9.1
(3.3–14.9)
METRO, 
2003–2005 39/148 26.4
(19.2–33.5) 141/142 99.3
(97.9–100.0) 8/137 5.8
(1.9–9.8) 9/146 6.2
(2.2–10.1)
PEPI, 
2004–2009
 18/139
 12.9
(7.3–18.6)
134/135
 99.3
(97.8–100.0)
16/134
 11.9
(6.4–17.5)
8/138
 5.8
(1.8–9.7)
Age range, y
15–19 15/77 19.5
(10.4–28.5) 75/75 100.0 5/76 6.6
(0.9–12.3) 6/75 8.0
(1.7–14.3)
20–29 72/438 16.4
(13.0–19.9) 424/426 99.5
(98.9–100.0) 33/420 7.9
(5.3–10.4) 30/424 7.1
(4.6–9.5)
30–39 28/191 14.7
(9.6–19.7) 185/186 99.5
(98.4–100.0) 12/184 6.5
(2.9–10.1) 12/186 6.5
(2.9–10.0)
40–49 7/60 11.7
(3.3–20.0) 59/59 100.0 3/59 5.1
(−0.7 to 10.9) 3/60 5.0
(−0.7 to 10.7)
50–59 6/18 33.3
(9.2–57.5) 18/18 100.0 2/18 11.1
(−5.0 to 27.2) 2/18 11.1
(−5.0 to 27.2)
60–69 2/4 50.0
(−41.9 to 141.9) 4/4 100.0 4/4 100.0 1/4 25.0
(−54.6 to 104.6)

*HEV, hepatitis E virus; HAV, hepatitis A virus; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HCV, hepatitis C virus; ICAR, International Collaborations on AIDS Research; SUCOMA, a study of HIV prevalence among male workers for the Sugar Company of Malawi; NVAZ, a study of efficacy of nevirapine/zidovudinel postexposure prophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV; MWANZA, a study of risk factors associated with prevalent HIV infection in the rural town of Malawi; METRO, a study in which efficacy of intravaginal metronidazole gel in reducing bacterial vaginosis was assessed; PEPI, a study of antiretroviral postexposure prophylaxis to prevent mother to child transmission of HIV.

Main Article

Page created: June 12, 2015
Page updated: June 12, 2015
Page reviewed: June 12, 2015
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