Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 21, Number 9—September 2015
Dispatch

Putative Lineage of Novel African Usutu Virus, Central Europe

Daniel Cadar, Stefan Bosch, Hanna Jöst, Jessica Börstler, Mutien-Marie Garigliany, Norbert Becker, and Jonas Schmidt-ChanasitComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (D. Cadar, H. Jöst, J. Börstler, M.-M. Garigliany, J. Schmidt-Chanasit); Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union, Stuttgart, Germany (S. Bosch); University of Liège, Liège, Belgium (M.-M. Garigliany); German Mosquito Control Association, Speyer, Germany (N. Becker); German Centre for Infection Research, Hamburg (H. Jöst, J. Schmidt-Chanasit)

Main Article

Figure 2

Phylogenetic relationship of the Usutu virus Usutu-BONN strain (from Germany, 2014) and other Usutu viruses, based on complete amino acid sequences of the polyprotein-encoding gene. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by using the maximum-likelihood method PhyML 3.0 (12) with 1,000 pseudoreplicates and, in parallel, Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo tree-sampling methods by using MrBayes 3.1.2 (13). The Akaike information criterion was chosen as the model selection framework, and the Johnes-Ta

Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationship of the Usutu virus Usutu-BONN strain (from Germany, 2014) and other Usutu viruses, based on complete amino acid sequences of the polyprotein-encoding gene. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by using the maximum-likelihood method PhyML 3.0 (12) with 1,000 pseudoreplicates and, in parallel, Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo tree-sampling methods by using MrBayes 3.1.2 (13). The Akaike information criterion was chosen as the model selection framework, and the Johnes-Taylor-Thorton model of sequence evolution with gamma-distributed rate variation among sites (JJT + Γ) was chosen as the best model. Maximum-likelihood bootstrap replicate scores (>70%) and posterior probabilities of the Bayesian analysis (>90%) are shown next to the nodes. Taxon information includes strain designation, GenBank accession number, country of origin, and year of detection/isolation. Boldface indicates the Usutu-BONN strain. Scale bar indicates amino acid substitutions per site.

Main Article

References
  1. Williams  MC, Simpson  DI, Haddow  AJ, Knight  EM. The isolation of West Nile virus from man and of Usutu virus from the bird-biting mosquito Mansonia aurites (Theobald) in the Entebbe area of Uganda. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1964;58:367–74 .PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. McIntosh  BM. Usutu (SA Ar 1776), nouvel arbovirus du groupe B. International Catalogue of Arboviruses. 1985;3:1059–60.
  3. Nikolay  B, Diallo  M, Boye  CS, Sall  AA. Usutu virus in Africa. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2011;11:1417–23 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Weissenböck  H, Kolodziejek  J, Url  A, Lussy  H, Rebel-Bauder  B, Nowotny  N. Emergence of Usutu virus, an African mosquitoborne flavivirus of the Japanese encephalitis virus group, central Europe. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8:652–6. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Becker  N, Jöst  H, Ziegler  U, Eiden  M, Höper  D, Emmerich  P, Epizootic emergence of Usutu virus in wild and captive birds in Germany. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e32604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0032604.
  6. Savini  G, Monaco  F, Terregino  C, Di Gennaro  A, Bano  L, Pinoni  C, Usutu virus in Italy: an emergence or a silent infection? Vet Microbiol. 2011;151:264–74. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Cadar  D, Becker  N, Campos Rde  M, Börstler  J, Jöst  H, Schmidt-Chanasit  J. Usutu virus in bats, Germany, 2013. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20:1771–3. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Pecorari  M, Longo  G, Gennari  W, Grottola  A, Sabbatini  A, Tagliazucchi  S, First human case of Usutu virus neuroinvasive infection, Italy, August–September 2009. Euro Surveill. 2009;14:19446 .PubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Vilibic-Cavlek  T, Kaic  B, Barbic  L, Pem-Novosel  I, Slavic-Vrzic  V, Lesnikar  V, First evidence of simultaneous occurrence of West Nile virus and Usutu virus neuroinvasive disease in humans in Croatia during the 2013 outbreak. Infection. 2014;42:689–95. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Becker  N, Krüger  A, Kuhn  C, Plenge-Bönig  A, Thomas  SM, Schmidt-Chanasit  J, Mosquitoes as vectors for exotic pathogens in Germany. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2014;57:531–40. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Jöst  H, Bialonski  A, Maus  D, Sambri  V, Eiden  M, Groschup  MH, Isolation of Usutu virus in Germany. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011;85:551–3. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Guindon  S, Dufayard  JF, Lefort  V, Anisimova  M, Hordijk  W, Gascuel  O. New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0. Syst Biol. 2010;59:307–21 .DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Ronquist  F, Huelsenbeck  JP. MRBAYES 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics. 2003;19:1572–4. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. Liu  WJ, Wang  XJ, Mokhonov  VV, Shi  PY, Randall  R, Khromykh  AA. Inhibition of interferon signaling by the New York 99 strain and Kunjin subtype of West Nile virus involves blockage of STAT1 and STAT2 activation by nonstructural proteins. J Virol. 2005;79:1934–42 .DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Main Article

Page created: July 10, 2015
Page updated: July 10, 2015
Page reviewed: July 10, 2015
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external