Table 2

Association between Landscape Factors and Spatial Patterns of Plasmodium knowlesi Infections in Sabah, Malaysia

Kimberly M. Fornace

, Tommy Rowel Abidin, Neal Alexander, Paddy Brock, Matthew J. Grigg, Amanda Murphy, Timothy William, Jayaram Menon, Chris J. Drakeley, and Jonathan Cox

Author affiliations: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK (K.M. Fornace, N. Alexander, C.J. Drakeley, J. Cox); Infectious Diseases Society, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia (T.R. Abidin, M.J. Grigg, T. William); Menzies School of Health Research, Kota Kinabalu (T.R. Abidin, M.J. Grigg, T. William); University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK (P. Brock); Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia (M.J. Grigg, A. Murphy); Jesselton Medical Centre, Kota Kinabalu (T. William); Sabah Department of Health, Kota Kinabalu (T. William, J. Menon)

Main Article

Land use characteristics and bivariable statistics in Plasmodium knowlesi study, Sabah, Malaysia, 2008–2012*

Variable	Bivariable analysis
Variable	IRR (95% CI)	p value
% Forest remaining
≤1 km radius
<65	Reference	0.59
≥65	1.08 (0.82–1.43)	0.59
≤2 km radius
<65	Reference	0.06
≥65	1.30 (0.99–1.71)	0.06
≤5 km radius
<65	Reference	0.77
≥65	1.05 (0.78–1.40)	0.77
% Forest lost in current year†
≤1 km radius
<1	Reference	0.11
1–2	0.94 (0.74–1.19)
>2	1.22 (0.99–1.51)
≤2 km radius
<1	Reference	0.001
1–2
>2	1.36 (1.09–1.71)
≤5 km radius
<1	Reference	0.01
1–2	0.97 (0.75–1.27)
>2	1.57 (1.19–2.06)
% Forest lost in past 5 years‡
≤1 km radius
<8	Reference	0.60
8–14	1.01 (0.76–1.33)
>14	1.14 (0.85–1.53)
≤2 km radius
<8	Reference	<0.001
8–14	1.66 (1.25–2.20)
>14	2.03 (1.46–2.80)
≤5 km radius
<8	Reference	0.32
8–14	0.93 (0.69–1.25)
>14	1.13 (0.81–1.58)
Mean elevation per 10 m above sea level
≤1 km radius	0.99 (0.97–1.00)	0.12
≤2 km radius	0.98 (0.97–1.00)	0.06
≤5 km radius	0.97 (0.96–0.99)	0.01
Travel time to clinic, min	1.00 (0.99–1.00)	0.001

*Radius is calculated as distance from village center. IRR, incident rate ratio.
†Current year is the year for which incidence was calculated.
‡Five years before the specific year of reported incidence.

Main Article

Page created: January 13, 2016

Page updated: January 13, 2016

Page reviewed: January 13, 2016

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