Volume 22, Number 3—March 2016
CME ACTIVITY - Synopsis
Epidemiology of Histoplasmosis Outbreaks, United States, 1938–2013
Kaitlin Benedict
and Rajal K. Mody
and Rajal K. Mody
Table 2
Outbreaks and cases of histoplasmosis, by outbreak setting, United States, 1938–2013
| Setting | No. outbreaks |
No. cases* |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 1938–1963 | 1964–1989 | 1989–2013 | Total | Mean | Median | Range | ||
| Building | 19 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 437 | 23 | 12 | 2–138 | |
| Chicken coop | 17 | 14 | 3 | 0 | 105 | 6 | 4 | 2–40 | |
| Farm† | 12 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 52 | 4 | 4 | 2–10 | |
| Outdoors, not specified | 11 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 65 | 6 | 2 | 2–30 | |
| Cave‡ | 9 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 96 | 11 | 6 | 3–24 | |
| Residential area | 7 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 74 | 11 | 8 | 3–26 | |
| Outdoor structure§ | 7 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 142 | 20 | 7 | 2–101 | |
| School or university | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 866 | 144 | 44 | 12–383 | |
| Other¶ | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 195 | 39 | 27 | 6–108 | |
| Citywide windborne | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 538 | 135 | 65 | 28–381 | |
| Bamboo field | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 27 | 9 | 6 | 3–18 | |
| Prison | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 163 | 54 | 72 | 6–85 | |
| Campsite | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 90 | 45 | 45 | 36–54 | |
| All outbreaks | 105 | 51 | 37 | 17 | 2,850 | 27 | 6 | 2–383 | |
*Means and medians have been rounded to nearest whole number.
†Not specifically a chicken coop.
‡Four of 9 cave-associated outbreaks occurred in Puerto Rico.
§Bridge (4 outbreaks), chapel (1 outbreak), and water tower (2 outbreaks). These outbreaks were work related except for the chapel-related outbreak.
¶Agricultural processing plant, storm cellar, park, landfill, and paper factory.
Page created: February 11, 2016
Page updated: February 11, 2016
Page reviewed: February 11, 2016
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