Volume 23, Number 3—March 2017
Research
Epidemiology of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease and Tuberculosis, Hawaii, USA
, Timothy B. Frankland, Yihe G. Daida, Jennifer R. Honda, Kenneth N. Olivier, Adrian Zelazny, Stacey Honda, and D. Rebecca Prevots
Table 3
Risk for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (by mycobacteria species) or tuberculosis among Kaiser Permanente Hawaii patients, by demographic characteristics and co-morbid condition, Hawaii, 2005–2013*
| Characteristic | aOR (95% CI) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NTM | M. abscessus | MAC | M. fortuitum group | TB | |
| Racial/ethnicity | |||||
| White | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 1.0 (0.7–1.2) | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) | 0.2 (0.05–0.6) |
| NHOPI | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 0.1 (0.01–1.4) | 0.4 (0.2–0.9) | 0.5 (0.2–1.3) | 0.5 (0.1–2.6) |
| Black | 0.6 (0.1–3.1) | 1.1 (0.7–16.4) | 1.0 (0.2–4.8) | 0.7 (0.05–11.5) | NA |
| Asian | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | 2.5 (1.7–3.9) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 1.5 (1.0–2.2) | 4.9 (2.6–9.2) |
| Filipino | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 2.0 (1.2–3.3) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 1.3 (0.7–2.1) | 8.8 (4.9–16.0) |
| Japanese | 1.2 (1.0–1.6) | 2.0 (1.2–3.2) | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 1.6 (1.0–2.5) | NA |
| Chinese | 1.3 (0.9–2.0) | 1.9 (0.9–3.9) | 1.5 (0.95–2.3) | 0.3 (0.06–1.5) | 1.0 (0.2–5.0) |
| Korean | 1.9 (1.1–3.4) | 2.0 (0.6–7.0) | 1.4 (0.6–3.2) | 4.0 (1.7–9.5) | 5.9 (1.7–20.4) |
| Vietnamese |
3.7 (1.6–8.6) |
5.0 (1.0–24.6) |
3.7 (1.3–10.6) |
8.7 (3.0–25.0) |
9.6 (2.0–46.8) |
| Island of residence | |||||
| Oahu | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | 2.6 (1.4–5.2) | 1.6 (1.2–2.2) | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) |
| Maui | 0.7 (0.6–1.0) | 0.4 (0.2–0.9) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 2.3 (1.2–4.3) |
| Hawaii |
0.6 (0.4–1.0) |
0.5 (0.2–1.4) |
0.6 (0.4–1.1) |
0.9 (0.5–2.0) |
0.7 (0.2–2.3) |
| Age group, y | |||||
| <18 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| 18–49 | 7.4 (2.9–19.3) | 1.9 (0.3–11.3) | 7.8 (2.2–27.9) | 8.3 (1.6–42.7) | 3.9 (0.7–21.0) |
| 50–64 | 31.2 (12.2–79.7) | 22.1 (4.4–111.8) | 32.7 (9.3–114.6) | 26.8 (5.3–135.5) | 13.4 (2.6–69.1) |
| >65 |
106.4 (42.0–270.0) |
65.1 (13.0–325.1) |
127.1 (36.6–441.3) |
61.4 (12.2–308.1) |
16.6 (3.1–88.5) |
| Sex | |||||
| M | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| F |
1.0 (0.9–1.3) |
1.4 (0.9–2.1) |
1.1 (0.9–1.4) |
0.8 (0.6–1.2) |
0.4 (0.2–0.8) |
| Years in KPH | |||||
| 1 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| 2–4 | 2.6 (1.4–4.7) | 1.1 (0.4–2.9) | 2.7 (1.1–6.3) | 7.0 (1.3–36.3) | 1.7 (0.5–5.7) |
| >5 |
6.4 (3.6–11.2) |
2.3 (0.96–5.4) |
7.7 (3.5–16.8) |
14.9 (3.0–74.2) |
2.3 (0.8–6.9) |
| Co-morbid condition† | |||||
| Bronchiectasis | 8.3 (6.5–10.7) | 12.0 (7.6–18.8) | 7.0 (5.2–9.2) | 4.6 (2.9–7.1) | 0.4 (0.09–2.2) |
| COPD | 1.8 (1.4–2.2) | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | 1.9 (1.5–2.5) | 1.5 (1.0–2.3) | 0.4 (0.2–1.1) |
| Coccidiomycosis | 4.5 (1.4–15.1) | 2.0 (0.1–38.4) | 3.5 (0.8–15.2) | 4.0 (0.7–23.4) | 2.8 (0.2–50.1) |
| Sarcoidosis | 2.0 (0.6–7.2) | 1.2 (0.1–22.8) | 2.2 (0.5–9.4) | 3.5 (0.6–20.0) | 3.0 (0.2–54.6) |
| Malignant neoplasm‡ | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.5 (0.2–1.0) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 0.07 (0.01–1.0) |
| Other malignancies | 0.7 (0.5–0.8) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 0.3 (0.1–0.8) |
*aOR, adjusted odds ratio; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; KPH, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii; MAC, Mycobacterium avium complex; NHOPI, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander; NTM, nontuberculous mycobacteria; Ref, referent group; TB, tuberculosis; NA, not available because limited sample size resulted in unstable model estimates. All aORs and 95% CIs associated with each racial/ethnic group, island, and co-morbid condition were assessed independently as a binary variable via logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, and years in KPH. Estimates for years in KPH, age, and sex were obtained from a single adjusted multivariable model. Race/ethnicity was self-reported; race/ethnicity-specific analyses were limited to patients reporting only 1 racial/ethnic group. Statistical significance (p<0.05) is indicated with boldface font.
†Data only available for KPH patients with a mycobacterial culture performed; percentages listed are out of total patient population with that co-morbidity.
‡Of trachea, bronchus, or lung.