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Volume 27, Number 2—February 2021
Dispatch

Early Transmission Dynamics, Spread, and Genomic Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 in Panama

Danilo Franco1, Claudia Gonzalez1, Leyda E. Abrego1, Jean-Paul Carrera, Yamilka Diaz, Yaset Caicedo, Ambar Moreno, Oris Chavarria, Jessica Gondola, Marlene Castillo, Elimelec Valdespino, Melissa Gaitán, Jose Martínez-Mandiche, Lizbeth Hayer, Pablo Gonzalez, Carmen Lange, Yadira Molto, Dalis Mojica, Ruben Ramos, Maria Mastelari, Lizbeth Cerezo, Lourdes Moreno, Christl A. Donnelly, Juan Miguel Pascale, Nuno Rodrigues Faria, Sandra Lopez-VergesComments to Author , Alexander A. Martinez, and on behalf of Gorgas COVID19 team and Panama COVID19 Laboratory Network 3 -->
Author affiliations: Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panama City, Panama (D. Franco, C. Gonzalez, L.E. Abrego, J.-P. Carrera, Y. Diaz, A. Moreno, O. Chavarria, J. Gondola, M. Castillo, E. Valdespino, M. Gaitán, J. Martínez-Mandiche, D. Mojica, R. Ramos, J.M. Pascale, S. Lopez-Verges, A.A. Martinez); Universidad de Panama, Panama City (D. Franco, C. Gonzalez, L.E. Abrego, J.M. Pascale, S. Lopez-Verges, A.A. Martinez); Ministry of Health of Panama, Panama City (L. Hayer, P. Gonzalez, C. Lange, Y. Molto, M. Mastelari, L. Cerezo, L. Moreno); University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (J.-P. Carrera, C.A. Donnelly, N.R. Faria); Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia (Y. Caicedo); Imperial College, London, UK (C.A. Donnelly, N.R. Faria)

Main Article

Figure 2

Genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in Panama. A) Bayesian maximum clade credibility tree of 1,261 SARS-CoV-2 sequences: 133 from Panama; 492 from North or South America (443 genomes are from Brazil, 41 from the United States, 7 from Chile, 6 from Mexico, 3 from Argentina, 1 from Peru, and 1 from Canada); and 636 are from other locations. Posterior density estimates of time of the most recent common ancestor of each lineage with local transmission are shown in their branches. B) Distribution of lineages among regions in Panama. C) Distribution of lineages by channel of exposure detected by the surveillance system. SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Figure 2. Genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in Panama. A) Bayesian maximum clade credibility tree of 1,261 SARS-CoV-2 sequences: 133 from Panama; 492 from North or South America (443 genomes are from Brazil, 41 from the United States, 7 from Chile, 6 from Mexico, 3 from Argentina, 1 from Peru, and 1 from Canada); and 636 are from other locations. Posterior density estimates of time of the most recent common ancestor of each lineage with local transmission are shown in their branches. B) Distribution of lineages among regions in Panama. C) Distribution of lineages by channel of exposure detected by the surveillance system. SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article. 
2These senior authors contributed equally to this article. 
3Members of the team are listed in Appendix 1 Table 1.

Page created: November 09, 2020
Page updated: January 23, 2021
Page reviewed: January 23, 2021
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