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Volume 30, Number 8—August 2024
Research

Wastewater Surveillance to Confirm Differences in Influenza A Infection between Michigan, USA, and Ontario, Canada, September 2022–March 2023

Ryland Corchis-ScottComments to Author , Mackenzie Beach, Qiudi Geng, Ana Podadera, Owen Corchis-Scott, John Norton, Andrea Busch, Russell A. Faust, Stacey McFarlane, Scott Withington, Bridget Irwin, Mehdi Aloosh, Kenneth K.S. Ng, and R. Michael McKay
Author affiliations: University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada (R. Corchis-Scott, M. Beach, Q. Geng, A. Podadera, O. Corchis-Scott, K.K.S. Ng, R.M. McKay); Great Lakes Water Authority, Detroit, Michigan, USA (J. Norton, A. Busch); Oakland County Health Division, Oakland, Michigan, USA (R.A. Faust); Macomb County Health Department, Macomb, Michigan, USA (S. McFarlane); Detroit Health Department, Detroit (S. Withington); Windsor-Essex County Health Unit, Windsor (B. Irwin, M. Aloosh); McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario (M. Aloosh)

Main Article

Table 2

Unshifted correlations between influenza-associated hospitalizations and the aggregate population-weighted wastewater concentrations for influenza A virus in Windsor-Essex, Ontario, Canada, September 2022–March 2023*

Associations†
 Statistical test results
 2-tailed 95% CI‡
 2-tailed p value
Kendall τ
 Spearman ρ
WEC M1 and influenza-associated hospitalization 0.650 0.482–0.772 <0.001
WEC M1:PMMoV and influenza-associated hospitalizations 0.630 0.456–0.758 <0.001
WEC M1 and influenza-associated hospitalization 0.785 0.589–0. 893 <0.001
WEC M1:PMMoV and influenza-associated hospitalizations 0.754 0.538–0.877 <0.001

*M1, matrix 1 gene: PMMoV, pepper mottle mild virus; WEC, Windor-Essex County wastewater. †WEC M1, aggregate concentration of influenza A M1 gene in WEC (gc/L); WEC M1:PMMoV, concentration of influenza A M1 gene in WEC normalized to PMMoV concentration (unitless). ‡Estimation is based on Fisher r-to-z transformation; estimation of SE is based on the formula proposed by Fieller, Hartley, and Pearson (27).

Main Article

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