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Volume 31, Number 5—May 2025
Research

Exponential Clonal Expansion of 5-Fluorocytosine–Resistant Candida tropicalis and New Insights into Underlying Molecular Mechanisms

Nissrine Abou-Chakra, Karen Marie Thyssen Astvad, Jan Martinussen, Amalie Sofie Eilsø Munksgaard, and Maiken Cavling ArendrupComments to Author 
Author affiliation: Author affiliations: Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark (N. Abou-Chakra, K.M.T. Astvad, A.S.E. Munksgaard, M.C. Arendrup); Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark (J. Martinussen); University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (A.S.E. Munksgaard, M.C. Arendrup); Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen (M.C. Arendrup)

Main Article

Figure 1

Minimum spanning tree illustrating the genotypic relationships among Candida tropicalis isolates, Denmark. Each node represents a distinct genotype; node size is proportional to the number of strains sharing the same allelic profile. Lines connecting nodes indicate genetic differences: thick solid black indicates 1 allele difference; thin solid black, 2 alleles; thin solid blue, 3 alleles; thin dashed blue, 4 alleles; orange dashed, 5 alleles; orange dotted, 6 alleles; and grey dotted, >6 alleles. Node colors represent the year of collection and 5-fluorocytosine resistance status. Non–wild-type strains with the E49X alteration form a clonal complex with minimal genetic variation over a 20-year period. In contrast, isolates carrying the Q7X or K6NfsX10 alterations are genetically unrelated to each other and to other strains, suggesting sporadic acquisition of resistance. Note: Line length does not reflect evolutionary distance. Boxed items at top of key indicate MICs for non–wild-type strains. S, susceptible.

Figure 1. Minimum spanning tree illustrating the genotypic relationships among Candida tropicalis isolates, Denmark. Each node represents a distinct genotype; node size is proportional to the number of strains sharing the same allelic profile. Lines connecting nodes indicate genetic differences: thick solid black indicates 1 allele difference; thin solid black, 2 alleles; thin solid blue, 3 alleles; thin dashed blue, 4 alleles; orange dashed, 5 alleles; orange dotted, 6 alleles; and grey dotted, >6 alleles. Node colors represent the year of collection and 5-fluorocytosine resistance status. Non–wild-type strains with the E49X alteration form a clonal complex with minimal genetic variation over a 20-year period. In contrast, isolates carrying the Q7X or K6NfsX10 alterations are genetically unrelated to each other and to other strains, suggesting sporadic acquisition of resistance. Note: Line length does not reflect evolutionary distance. Boxed items at top of key indicate MICs for non–wild-type strains. S, susceptible.

Main Article

Page created: April 14, 2025
Page updated: April 22, 2025
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