Isolation, Sequence, Infectivity, and Replication Kinetics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Arinjay Banerjee, Jalees A. Nasir
1, Patrick Budylowski
1, Lily Yip, Patryk Aftanas, Natasha Christie, Ayoob Ghalami, Kaushal Baid, Amogelang R. Raphenya, Jeremy A. Hirota, Matthew S. Miller, Allison J. McGeer, Mario Ostrowski, Robert A. Kozak, Andrew G. McArthur, Karen Mossman
, and Samira Mubareka
Author affiliations: McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (A. Banerjee, J.A. Nasir, K. Baid, A.R. Raphenya, J.A. Hirota, M.S. Miller, A.G. McArthur, K. Mossman); University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (P. Budylowski, N. Christie, A. Ghalami, A.J. McGeer, M. Ostrowski, R.A. Kozak, S. Mubareka); Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto (L. Yip, P. Aftanas, R.A. Kozak, S. Mubareka); Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto (A.J. McGeer)
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Figure 4
Figure 4. Electron micrographs of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–infected cells. To detect coronavirus-like particles in experimentally infected human structural and immune cells, we infected a range of cells with SARS-CoV-2 at a multiplicity of infection of 0.01 for 48 h. The cells were fixed, processed, and imaged by using a transmission electron microscope (10 fields/cell type). A representative image of each cell type is shown. Virus-like particles are indicated by red arrows. A) Vero E6 cells. B) Calu-3 cells. C) CD4+ PBMCs. D) CD8+ PBMCs. E) CD19+ PBMCs. F) Monocytes from PBMCs. G) Other cells from PBMCs (CD4–, CD8–, CD19– cell populations). H) THP-1 monocyte. I) THP-1-derived macrophage. J) THP-1-derived dendritic cell. PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell. Scale bars indicate 200 nm.
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