Volume 27, Number 2—February 2021
CME ACTIVITY - Synopsis
Zika Virus–Associated Birth Defects, Costa Rica, 2016–2018
Adriana Benavides-Lara
, María de la Paz Barboza-Arguello, Mauricio González-Elizondo, Marcela Hernández-deMezerville, Helena Brenes-Chacón, Melissa Ramírez-Rojas, Catalina Ramírez-Hernández, Nereida Arjona-Ortegón, Shana Godfred-Cato, Diana Valencia, Cynthia A. Moore, and Alejandra Soriano-Fallas
, María de la Paz Barboza-Arguello, Mauricio González-Elizondo, Marcela Hernández-deMezerville, Helena Brenes-Chacón, Melissa Ramírez-Rojas, Catalina Ramírez-Hernández, Nereida Arjona-Ortegón, Shana Godfred-Cato, Diana Valencia, Cynthia A. Moore, and Alejandra Soriano-Fallas
Table 1
Distribution of 204 excluded cases according to exclusion criteria for Zika virus–associated birth defects, Costa Rica, March 2016–March 2018*
| Category, cause |
No. cases |
|---|---|
| Chromosome anomaly, n = 11 | |
| Ring chromosome 4. Possible Wolf-Hirschhorn | 1 |
| Mosaic 47,XYY/46,XY | 1 |
| Trisomy 13 | 5 |
| Trisomy 18 | 1 |
| Trisomy 21 |
3 |
| STORCH, n = 13 | |
| Congenital syphilis | 2 |
| Congenital toxoplasmosis | 6 |
| Rubella | 0 |
| Congenital cytomegalovirus | 4 |
| Congenital hepatitis B |
1 |
| Birth defects (isolated, multiple nonsyndromic), n = 38 | |
| Anencephaly and rachischisis | 3 |
| Congenital heart defect | 7 |
| Craniosynostosis | 1 |
| Gastroschisis | 2 |
| Hydranencephaly and hydrocephaly | 4 |
| Microcephaly, constitutional or familial | 11 |
| Multiple malformations of unknown cause | 8 |
| Partial agenesis of the corpus callosum | 1 |
| Cleft palate |
1 |
| Diseases, maternal conditions, or problems at delivery, n = 27 | |
| Maternal alcoholism or drug use | 7 |
| Hypoxic encephalopathy or acute fetal distress at birth | 5 |
| Maternal ossifying myositis | 1 |
| Maternal hyperthyroidism | 1 |
| Pregnancy-induced hypertension with or without pre-eclampsia | 9 |
| Maternal chronic arterial hypertension | 2 |
| Maternal tuberculosis | 1 |
| Maternal epilepsy |
1 |
| Other genetic diseases or other specific syndromes of the infant, n = 16 | |
| Crouzon syndrome | 1 |
| Septo-optic dysplasia | 1 |
| Holoprosencephaly | 8 |
| Cystic fibrosis | 1 |
| Roberts syndrome (possible) | 1 |
| Meckel Gruber syndrome (possible) | 1 |
| Aicardi Goutières syndrome (probable) | 1 |
| Russel Silver syndrome | 1 |
| Familial syndrome not specified |
1 |
| Newborn with microcephaly with subsequent normal head circumference and no other findings, n = 99† | |
| Term newborns‡ | 86 |
| Premature newborns |
13 |
| Total excluded cases | 204 |
*STORCH, syphilis, toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and hepatitis B. Note that Costa Rica does not include hepatitis B in its standard evaluations. †Newborns that do not belong to any other category of causes. ‡Includes 56 with and 30 without intrauterine growth restriction.
Page created: December 07, 2020
Page updated: January 21, 2021
Page reviewed: January 21, 2021
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