Volume 27, Number 2—February 2021
CME ACTIVITY - Synopsis
Zika Virus–Associated Birth Defects, Costa Rica, 2016–2018
, María de la Paz Barboza-Arguello, Mauricio González-Elizondo, Marcela Hernández-deMezerville, Helena Brenes-Chacón, Melissa Ramírez-Rojas, Catalina Ramírez-Hernández, Nereida Arjona-Ortegón, Shana Godfred-Cato, Diana Valencia, Cynthia A. Moore, and Alejandra Soriano-Fallas
Table 2
Distribution of confirmed and probable ZIKV-associated birth defects, by trimester of infection for presence of ZIKV symptoms and laboratory confirmation for the mother, Costa Rica, March 2016–March 2018*
| Cases | Mothers by trimester of symptom onset |
Asymptomatic mothers, subtotal | Total | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZIKV positive through rRT-PCR of maternal sample |
Without laboratory evidence in maternal sample |
||||||||||
| Trimester |
Subtotal | Trimester |
Subtotal | ||||||||
| I | II | III | I | II | III | ||||||
| Confirmed† | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 11 | |
| Probable‡ | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 11 | |
| Total, no. (%) | 2 (9) | 3 (14) | 0 | 5 (23) | 4 (18) | 5 (23) | 0 | 9 (41) | 8 (36) | 22 (100) | |
*Samples were taken only from pregnant women with symptoms. rRT-PCR, real-time reverse transcription PCR; ZIKV, Zika virus. †Designated as an infant with ZIKV-associated birth defects (clinical criteria), who was positive for ZIKV by rRT- PCR or IgM-ELISA in a sample taken before hospital discharge (laboratory criteria) and had an epidemiologic link (mother with ZIKV symptoms or positive rRT-PCR during pregnancy or from a high ZIKV-endemic community). ‡Designated as an infant with ZIKV-associated birth defects who was negative for ZIKV by rRT-PCR or IgM-ELISA or was not tested but whose mother had laboratory-confirmed ZIKV infection or had symptoms compatible with ZIKV infection or had a clear exposure to ZIKV during pregnancy and no other cause that could explain the birth defect.