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Volume 30, Number 10—October 2024
Research

Early Introductions of Candida auris Detected by Wastewater Surveillance, Utah, USA, 2022–2023

Jorge Chavez12, Katherine Crank1, Casey Barber, Daniel Gerrity, Thomas Iverson, Joshua Mongillo3, Angela Weil, Linda Rider, Nathan Lacross, Kelly Oakeson, and Alessandro RossiComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Utah Department of Health and Human Services, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (J. Chavez, T. Iverson, J. Mongillo, A. Weil, L. Rider, N. Lacross, K. Oakeson, A. Rossi); Southern Nevada Water Authority, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA (K. Crank, C. Barber, D. Gerrity)

Main Article

Table 2

Candida auris shedding model parameters and distributions

Parameter Unit Reported value Assumed distribution Reference Assumption
C. auris fecal shedding rate
 CFU/μL
 104–105
 Uniform: min = 104, max = 105
 (19)
 Based on neutropenic mouse model
Daily wet stool production
 g/day
Truncated: log-normal (base e): μ = 4.763, σ = 0.471, min = 0, max = 520
 (20)
 Based on healthy persons
Wet fecal density
 g/mL
 1.06
 Point value: 1.06
 (21)
 NA
C. auris urine shedding rate
 CFU/μL
 102–104
 Uniform: min = 102, max = 104
 (22)
 Based on the clinical definition of UTI for clean catch collection (e.g., >102 CFU/μL)
Daily urine production
 L/day
Gamma: shape = 5.315, scale = 0.25, offset = +0.5
 (23)
 Based on healthy persons
C. auris qPCR:culture
(GC:CFU)
 unitless
 3–50
 Uniform: min = 3, max = 50
 (24)
 Based on the analysis of several NCBI deposited C. auris genomes and a value reported for C. albicans
Average WWTP flow rate mgd 12.73 ± 0.87 Normal: μ = 12.73, σ = 0.87 NA NA

*GC, gene copies; mgd, million gallons/day; NA, no assumption made; NCBI, National Center for Biotechnology Information; qPCR, quantitative PCR; UTI, urinary tract infection; WWTP, wastewater treatment plant.

Main Article

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Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

2Current affiliation: Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

3Current affiliation: North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA.

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Page reviewed: September 23, 2024
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