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Volume 30, Number 11—November 2024
Research Letter

Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Resilience in Milk after Thermal Inactivation

C. Joaquin Caceres, L. Claire Gay, Flavio Cargnin Faccin, Dikshya Regmi, Roberto Palomares, and Daniel R. PerezComments to Author 
Author affiliation: University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, USA

Main Article

Figure 2

Stability of influenza A in retail and unpasteurized milk. We diluted influenza A viruses in either Opti-Mem control media (Fisher Scientific, https://www.fishersci.com) (A), retail off-the-shelf pasteurized whole milk (B), or 2 different sources of unpasteurized milk: colostrum milk (C) or mature milk (D). We then incubated 200-μL samples for several days at various temperatures, as shown. We subsequently titrated samples by TCID50 in MDCK cells. We tested 3 strains: PR8 (H1N1), ty/IN/22 (H5N1), and the reverse genetics version of TX/24 (H5N1). Unpasteurized colostrum milk produced during the first few days after birth contains high levels of immunoglobulins and antimicrobial peptides that might have had an effect in decreasing virus survival. PR8 (H1N1), wild-type strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1); RT, room temperature; TCID50, 50% tissue culture infectious dose; TX/24, wild-type strain A/Texas/37/2024 (H5N1); ty/IN/22, wild-type highly pathogenic strain A/turkey/Indiana/3707-003/2022 (H5N1).

Figure 2. Stability of influenza A in retail and unpasteurized milk. We diluted influenza A viruses in either Opti-Mem control media (Fisher Scientific, https://www.fishersci.com) (A), retail off-the-shelf pasteurized whole milk (B), or 2 different sources of unpasteurized milk: colostrum milk (C) or mature milk (D). We then incubated 200-μL samples for several days at various temperatures, as shown. We subsequently titrated samples by TCID50 in MDCK cells. We tested 3 strains: PR8 (H1N1), ty/IN/22 (H5N1), and the reverse genetics version of TX/24 (H5N1). Unpasteurized colostrum milk produced during the first few days after birth contains high levels of immunoglobulins and antimicrobial peptides that might have had an effect in decreasing virus survival. PR8 (H1N1), wild-type strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1); RT, room temperature; TCID50, 50% tissue culture infectious dose; TX/24, wild-type strain A/Texas/37/2024 (H5N1); ty/IN/22, wild-type highly pathogenic strain A/turkey/Indiana/3707-003/2022 (H5N1).

Main Article

Page created: September 24, 2024
Page updated: October 23, 2024
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The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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