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Volume 30, Number 9—September 2024
Research

Infection Rates and Symptomatic Proportion of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza in Pediatric Population, China, 2023

Chao Shi1, Yuhe Zhang1, Sheng Ye1, Jiyang Zhou, Fuyu Zhu, Yumeng Gao, Yan Wang, Bingbing Cong, Shuyu Deng, You Li, Bing LuComments to Author , and Xin WangComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (C. Shi, Y. Zhang, S. Ye, F. Zhu, B. Cong, S. Deng, Y. Li, B. Lu, X. Wang); Wuxi Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, China (C. Shi, J. Zhou, Y. Gao, Y. Wang, B. Lu); The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (Y. Li, X. Wang)

Main Article

Table 1

Cumulative infection rates of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza and factors of infections among 593 participants in study of infection rates, symptomatic proportion, and age-dependent risk profiles of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza in pediatric population, China, 2023*

Characteristic No. participants SARS-CoV-2, n = 74
 Influenza, n = 76
 p value for SARS-CoV-2 vs. influenza
Cumulative rates/ 1,000 persons 
(95% CI)† Univariate OR (95% CI) Cumulative rates/ 1,000 persons 
(95% CI)† Univariate OR (95% CI)‡
Overall
 593
 124.8 (98.0–156.7)
 NA
128.2 (101.0–160.4)
 NA
 0.93
Sex
F 311 115.8 (81.1–160.3) Referent 112.5 (78.4–156.5) Referent >0.99
M
 282
 134.8 (95.4–185.0)
 1.2 (0.8–2.0)
145.4 (104.3–197.2)
 1.4 (0.9–2.3)
 0.81
Age group, y§
4–6 166 90.4 (50.6–149.0) 2.5 (1.0–6.6) 222.9 (156.9–307.2) 10.0 (4.2–29.8) 0.002
7–12 180 38.9 (15.6–80.1) Referent 27.8 (9.0–64.8) Referent 0.77
13–15 165 187.9 (127.7–266.7) 5.7 (2.6–14.5) 127.3 (78.8–194.5) 5.1 (2.0–15.6) 0.17
16–18
 82
 256.1 (158.5–391.5)
 8.5 (3.6–22.5)
158.5 (84.4–271.1)
 6.6 (2.4–21.2)
 0.18
Type of educational setting
Childcare center 173 86.7 (48.5–143.0) 2.3 (0.9–6.0) 219.7 (155.4–301.5) 11.9 (4.6–40.4) 0.001
Primary school 173 40.5 (16.3–83.4) Referent 23.1 (6.3–59.2) Referent 0.54
Junior secondary 
school 165 187.9 (127.7–266.7) 5.5 (2.5–13.9) 127.3 (78.8–194.5) 6.2 (2.3–21.5) 0.17
High school
 82
 256.1 (158.5–391.5)
 8.2 (3.5–21.6)
158.5 (84.4–271.1)
 8.0 (2.7–29.0)
 0.18
Urban
Y 345 153.6 (115.1–200.9) 2.0 (1.2–3.4) 176.8 (135.2–227.1) 3.3 (1.9–6.2) 0.47
N
 248
 84.7 (52.4–129.4)
 Referent
60.5 (33.9–99.8)
 Referent
 0.39
COVID-19 vaccination history
Unvaccinated 68 147.1 (70.5–270.4) Referent NA NA NA
1 dose 19 105.3 (12.7–380.2) 0.7 (0.1–2.9) NA NA NA
2 doses 506 122.5 (93.9–157.1) 0.8 (0.4–1.8) NA NA NA

*ORs were estimated using logistic regression model. NA, not applicable; NE, not estimated; OR, odds ratio. †Cumulative rate and 95% CI indicate the number of episodes dividing the number of participants using Poisson distribution. ‡Influenza vaccination coverage was <1% and thus not included in the analysis for influenza. §The age grouping generally corresponded to different types of educational settings. Most children in childcare centers, primary schools, junior secondary schools, and high schools were 4–6, 7–12, 13–15, and 16–18 years of age.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

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