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Volume 31, Supplement—May 2025
SUPPLEMENT ISSUE
Supplement

Establishing Methods to Monitor Influenza (A)H5N1 Virus in Dairy Cattle Milk, Massachusetts, USA

Elyse StachlerComments to Author , Andreas Gnirke, Kyle McMahon, Michael Gomez, Liam Stenson, Charelisse Guevara-Reyes, Hannah Knoll, Toni Hill, Sellers Hill, Katelyn S. Messer, Jon Arizti-Sanz, Fatinah Albeez, Elizabeth Curtis, Pedram Samani, Natalia Wewior, David H. O’Connor, William Vuyk, Sophia E. Khoury, Matthew K. Schnizlein, Nicole C. Rockey, Zachariah Broemmel, Michael Mina, Lawrence C. Madoff, Shirlee Wohl, Lorraine O’Connor, Catherine M. Brown, Al Ozonoff, Daniel J. Park, Bronwyn L. MacInnis1, and Pardis C. Sabeti1
Author affiliation: Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (E. Stachler, A. Gnirke, K. McMahon, M. Gomez, L. Stenson, C. Guevara-Reyes, H. Knoll, T. Hill, S. Hill, K.S. Messer, J. Arizti-Sanz, F. Albeez, E. Curtis, P. Samani, N. Wewior, A. Ozonoff, D.J. Park, B.L. MacInnis, P.C. Sabeti); University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA (C. Guevara-Reyes); Harvard University, Cambridge (P. Samani, B.L. MacInnis, P.C. Sabeti); University College London, London, UK (P. Samani); University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA (D.H. O’Connor, W. Vuyk); The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA (S.E. Khoury); Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA (M.K. Schnizlein); Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA (N.C. Rockey, Z. Broemmel); Immune Observatory, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (M. Mina); University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA (L.C. Madoff); Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston (L.C. Madoff, S. Wohl, C.M. Brown); Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston (S. Wohl); Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources, Boston (L. O’Connor); Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston (A. Ozonoff); Harvard Medical School, Boston (A. Ozonoff); Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA (P.C. Sabeti)

Main Article

Figure 4

Virus and bovine ribonuclease P (RP_Bov) concentrations for all retail milk samples as measured by digital PCR in study of methods to monitor influenza A(H5N1) virus in dairy cattle milk, Massachusetts, USA. A) Concentration of H5N1 as a function of processing state and expiration date. B) RP_Bov data for all samples. The gray-shaded region corresponds to the average RP_Bov concentration of all data +1 SD. Error bars indicate +1 SD.

Figure 4. Virus and bovine ribonuclease P (RP_Bov) concentrations for all retail milk samples as measured by digital PCR in study of methods to monitor influenza A(H5N1) virus in dairy cattle milk, Massachusetts, USA. A) Concentration of H5N1 as a function of processing state and expiration date. B) RP_Bov data for all samples. The gray-shaded region corresponds to the average RP_Bov concentration of all data +1 SD. Error bars indicate +1 SD.

Main Article

1These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

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