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Volume 31, Number 4—April 2025
Dispatch

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Stability in Irradiated Raw Milk and Wastewater and on Surfaces, United States

Franziska Kaiser1, Santiago Cardenas1, Kwe Claude Yinda, Reshma K. Mukesh, Missiani Ochwoto, Shane Gallogly, Arthur Wickenhagen, Kyle Bibby, Emmie de Wit, Dylan Morris, James O. Lloyd-Smith, and Vincent J. MunsterComments to Author 
Author affiliation: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana, USA (F. Kaiser, K.C. Yinda, R.K. Mukesh, M. Ochwoto, S. Gallogly, A. Wickenhagen, E. de Wit, V.J. Munster); University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA (S. Cardenas, D. Morris, J.O. Lloyd-Smith); University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA (K. Bibby)

Main Article

Figure 3

Violin plots showing results of experimental testing of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus stability in irradiated raw milk and wastewater and on surfaces, United States. Plots show the posterior distribution of the half-life of viable virus at each condition, determined from the estimated decay rates. Viral decay was calculated for H5N1 virus in irradiated raw milk at 22°C and 4°C, in irradiated wastewater at 22°C, and on polypropylene, steel, and rubber surfaces at 22°C and 4°C. The point at the center of each violin is the posterior median estimate, and the vertical black bars show 95% credible intervals (2.5%–97.5%).

Figure 3. Violin plots showing results of experimental testing of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus stability in irradiated raw milk and wastewater and on surfaces, United States. Plots show the posterior distribution of the half-life of viable virus at each condition, determined from the estimated decay rates. Viral decay was calculated for H5N1 virus in irradiated raw milk at 22°C and 4°C, in irradiated wastewater at 22°C, and on polypropylene, steel, and rubber surfaces at 22°C and 4°C. The point at the center of each violin is the posterior median estimate, and the vertical black bars show 95% credible intervals (2.5%–97.5%).

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: March 03, 2025
Page updated: March 12, 2025
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