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Disclaimer: Early release articles are not considered as final versions. Any changes will be reflected in the online version in the month the article is officially released.

Volume 31, Number 5—May 2025
Research

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Outbreak in Endangered Cranes, Izumi Plain, Japan, 2022–23

Mana Esaki1, Kosuke Okuya1, Kaori Tokorozaki, Yuko Haraguchi, Taichi Hasegawa, and Makoto OzawaComments to Author 
Author affiliation: Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (M. Esaki, K. Okuya, M. Ozawa); Crane Park Izumi, Kagoshima, Japan (K. Tokorozaki, Y. Haraguchi); Matsuoka Research Institute for Science, Tokyo, Japan (T. Hasegawa)

Main Article

Figure 5

Phylogenetic tree of H5 hemagglutinin (HA) genes from avian influenza virus gene–positive cranes from the 2022–23 winter season in the Izumi Plain, Japan, compared with reference sequences. Tree was constructed using the maximum-likelihood method with a bootstrapping set of 1,000 replicates. Nodes with bootstrap values >90% are shown. Circles indicate isolates from wild birds and cranes’ roost water during the 2022–23 winter season. Squares indicate isolates from chickens during the same season. Triangles indicate H5 HA genes of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses used for the hemagglutination inhibition assay. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site.

Figure 5. Phylogenetic tree of H5 hemagglutinin (HA) genes from avian influenza virus gene–positive cranes from the 2022–23 winter season in the Izumi Plain, Japan, compared with reference sequences. Tree was constructed using the maximum-likelihood method with a bootstrapping set of 1,000 replicates. Nodes with bootstrap values >90% are shown. Circles indicate isolates from wild birds and cranes’ roost water during the 2022–23 winter season. Squares indicate isolates from chickens during the same season. Triangles indicate H5 HA genes of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses used for the hemagglutination inhibition assay. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: March 25, 2025
Page updated: April 14, 2025
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