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Volume 31, Number 5—May 2025
Research

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Outbreak in Endangered Cranes, Izumi Plain, Japan, 2022–23

Mana Esaki1, Kosuke Okuya1, Kaori Tokorozaki, Yuko Haraguchi, Taichi Hasegawa, and Makoto OzawaComments to Author 
Author affiliation: Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (M. Esaki, K. Okuya, M. Ozawa); Crane Park Izumi, Kagoshima, Japan (K. Tokorozaki, Y. Haraguchi); Matsuoka Research Institute for Science, Tokyo, Japan (T. Hasegawa)

Main Article

Table

HI titers for HA antigen in serum samples of cranes tested for influenza A, Izumi Plain, Japan*

Crane sample Genetic testing for HPAI H5N1 HA antigen titer
A/hooded crane/Kagoshima/KU-106/2021 (H5N8)
G1 group		 A/hooded crane/Kagoshima/KU-5T/2021 (H5N8)
G2a subgroup		 A/crane/Kagoshima/KU-93/2021 (H5N8)
G2a subgroup		 A/Environment/Kagoshima/KU-B20/2021 (H5N1)
G2b subgroup		 A/hooded crane/Kagoshima/KU-105/2022 (H5N1)
G2c subgroup
2021–22
21–8 Neg ND ND ND 4 ND
21–11 Neg ND ND ND ND ND
21–14 Neg 8 ND ND 4 4
21–15 Neg ND ND ND ND ND
21–21 Neg ND ND ND ND ND
21–19 Neg ND ND ND ND ND
21–20 Neg ND ND ND ND ND
21–10 Neg ND ND ND ND 4
21–36 Neg ND ND ND ND ND
21–38 Neg ND ND ND ND ND
21–51 Neg ND ND ND ND ND
21–52 Neg ND ND ND ND ND
21–53
 Neg
 ND
 ND
 ND
 ND
 ND
2022–23
22–105 Pos 4 ND ND 8 8
22–151 Pos 8 4 4 8 16
22–152 Pos ND ND ND 8 8
22–265 Neg ND ND ND ND ND
22–272 Pos 4 ND ND 4 4
22–278 Neg ND ND ND ND ND
22–280 Neg ND ND ND ND ND
22–281 Neg ND ND ND ND ND
22–282 Neg ND ND ND ND ND
22–283 Neg ND ND ND ND ND
22–285 Neg ND ND ND ND ND
22–286 Neg ND ND ND ND ND
22–287 Neg 8 8 4 16 16
22–288 Neg 8 4 ND 16 16
22–289 Neg ND ND ND ND 4
22–313 Neg ND ND ND ND ND
22–318 Neg ND ND ND ND ND

*HI, hemagglutination inhibition; HPAI, highly pathogenic avian influenza; ND, specific antibody was not detected (detection limit: 4 HI titer); Neg, negative; Pos, positive.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: March 25, 2025
Page updated: April 14, 2025
Page reviewed: April 14, 2025
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